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nbsp; <div class="spctrl">  19。雨泽下注 (下注,向下流)

    <div class="spctrl">  20。先大母婢也,乳二世(乳,喂养)

    <div class="spctrl">  21。余自束发 (束发,表示成童)

    <h3 class="headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title"><span class="headline-content">一词多义</span></h3>  1。始

    <div class="spctrl">  室始洞然 (才,方才,副词)

    <div class="spctrl">  庭中始为篱,已为墙 (起初、先,副词)

    <div class="spctrl">  2。过

    <div class="spctrl">  日过午已昏 (偏过,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  大母过余曰 (访,探望,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  从轩前过(经过动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  3。置

    <div class='spctrl'>  顾视无可置者 (放置,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  内外多置小门 (设置,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  4。而

    <div class='spctrl'>  余扃牖而居 (助词,表修饰,无义)

    <div class='spctrl'>  万籁有声,而庭阶寂寂 (但,表转折,连词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  墙往往而是 (连接状语和中心词,相当于“地”也可不译,连词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  某所,而母立于兹 (通“尔”你,你的,代词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  5。为

    <div class='spctrl'>  始为篱,已为墙 (是,扎,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  轩东故尝为厨 (是,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  庭中通南北为一 (是,成为,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  吾从板外相为应答 (作,介词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  6。以

    <div class='spctrl'>  以当南日 (用来,介词,表目的)

    <div class='spctrl'>  能以足音辨人 (凭借、根据,介词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  执此以朝 (用如“而”介词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  7。谓

    <div class='spctrl'>  且何谓阁子也 (叫作,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  妪每谓余曰 (告诉,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  8。一

    <div class='spctrl'>  庭中通南北为一 (整体,名词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  先妣尝一至 (常来,副词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  9。日

    <div class='spctrl'>  不能得日 (阳光,名词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  日过午已昏 (太阳,名词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  一日,大母过余曰 (天,一昼夜,名词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  10。先

    <div class='spctrl'>  先是,庭中通南北为一 (以前,名词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  先大母婢也 (去世的,形容词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  11。前

    <div class='spctrl'>  前辟四窗 (名词作状语,在前方,行为方向)

    <div class='spctrl'>  从轩前过 (前面,形容词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  12。之

    <div class='spctrl'>  吾妻死之年所手植也(助词,的)

    <div class='spctrl'>  他日汝当用之 (代象笏,代词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  儿之成 (主谓间取消句子独立性)

    <div class='spctrl'>  13。西

    <div class='spctrl'>  东犬西吠 (向西边,副词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  室西连于中闺 (的西边,形容词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  14。得

    <div class='spctrl'>  不能得日 (得到,获得,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  得不焚 (能,能够,助动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  15。已

    <div class='spctrl'>  日过午已昏 (已经,副词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  已为墙 (然后,副词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  16。当

    <div class='spctrl'>  以当南日 (挡住,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  他日汝当用之 (应当,应该,助动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  17。然

    <div class='spctrl'>  室始洞然 (的样子,词尾)

    <div class='spctrl'>  然余居于此 (然而,但是,连词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  18。书

    <div class='spctrl'>  借书满架 (书,书籍,名词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  或凭几学书 (写字,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  19。食

    <div class='spctrl'>  小鸟时来啄食 (食物,名词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  欲食乎 (吃,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  20。大

    <div class='spctrl'>  先大母婢也 (大母,指祖母)

    <div class='spctrl'>  大类女郎也 (很,非常,副词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  21。所

    <div class='spctrl'>  某所而母立于兹 (地方,处所,名词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  吾妻死之年所手植也 (的,在此指代枇杷树,特殊的指示代词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  22。从

    <div class='spctrl'>  吾从板外相为应答 (由,自,介词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  从余问古事 (向学习,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  23。自

    <div class='spctrl'>  余自束发 (从,由,介词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  自语曰:“” (自己,代词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  24。归

    <div class='spctrl'>  吾妻来归 (女子出嫁,动词)

    <div class='spctrl'>  吾妻归宁 (归,返回,动词。归宁,出嫁的女儿回娘家探望)

    <div class='spctrl'>  25。每

    <div class='spctrl'>  每移案,顾视无可置者(每逢)

    <div class='spctrl'>  妪每谓予曰:“某所,而母立于兹。”(常常)

    <div class='spctrl'>  每字有二十余印(每个)

    <h3 class='headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title'><span class='headline-content'>通假字</span></h3>  1。珊珊可爱(“珊珊”通“姗姗” ,美好的样子)

    <div class='spctrl'>  2。以当南日(“当”通“挡” )

    <div class='spctrl'>  3 而母立于兹(“而”通“尔”)

    <div class='spctrl'>  4 以手阖门(“阖”通“合”)

    <h3 class='headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title'><span class='headline-content'>词类活用</span></h3>  1.名词用作动词

    <div class='spctrl'>  (1)乳二世 (乳,抚养)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (2)客逾庖而宴 (宴,赴宴)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (3)执此以朝 (朝,上朝)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (4)吾家读书久不效 (效,取得效果,此指考取功名)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (5)或凭几学书 (书,写字)

    <div class='spctrl'>  2.名词用作状语

    <div class='spctrl'>  (1)雨泽下注。使不上漏(下,朝下,上,从上面)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (2)前辟四窗 (前,指阁子北面,因阁子是向北的)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (3)又北向 (北,朝北)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (4)东犬西吠 (西,朝西,行为方向,指西家)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (5)室西连于中闺(西,在西面)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (6)吾妻死之年所手植也(手,亲自)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (7)内外多置小门窗(在内外)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (8)垣墙周庭(用垣墙)

    <div class='spctrl'>  (9)时至轩中(不时)

    <div class='spctrl'>  3.形容词用作名词

    <div class='spctrl'>  多可喜,亦多可悲 (多,许多事)

    <div class='spctrl'>  4。 数词用作名词

    <div class='spctrl'>  庭中通南北为一 (一,一体,整体)

    <h3 class='headline-2 bk-sidecatalog-title'><span class='headline-content'>句式</span></h3>  1。判断句

    <div class='spctrl'>  1) 此吾祖太常公宣德执此以朝,他日汝当用之

    <div class='spctrl'>  2) 轩东故尝为厨

    <div class='spctrl'>  用“也”表示判断。如:

    <div class='spctrl'>  3) 项脊轩,旧南阁子也

    <div class='spctrl'>  4) 妪,先大母婢也

    <div class='spctrl'>  2。省略句

    <div class='spctrl'>  下列各句中的括号表示省略了的成分。如:

    <div class='spctrl'>  1) ( )又杂植兰桂竹木于庭 (省主语“余”)

    <div class='spctrl'>  2) ( )借书满架 (省主语“余”)

    <div class='spctrl'>  3) 吾儿,( )久不见若影 (省主语“吾”)

    <div class='spctrl'>  4) 使( )不上漏 (省兼语“之”)

    <div class='spctrl'>  5) 明月( )半墙 (省谓语“照”)

    <div class='spctrl'>  6) 余自束发读书( )轩中 (省介词“于”)

    <div class='spctrl'>  7) 垣墙( )周庭 (省介词“于”)

    <div class='spctrl'>  3。倒装句

    <div class='spctrl'>  介词结构后置。下列各句状语(下划线)放在动词、形容词(粗体)之后。翻译时,一般将状语前移。如:

    <div class='spctrl'>  1) 杂植兰桂竹木于庭 (在庭院里种兰桂竹木)

    <div class='spctrl'>  2) 家有老妪,尝居于此 (在这里居住)

    <div class='spctrl'>  3) 室西连于中闺 (与中闺相连)

    <div class='spctrl'>  4) 鸡栖于厅 (在厅里栖息)

    <div class='spctrl'>  5) 其制稍异于前 (跟以前不同)

    <div class='spctrl'>  4。被动句

    <div class='spctrl'>  1)得不焚 意念被动句

    <div class='spctrl'>  5。宾语前置

    <div class='spctrl'>  令人长号不自禁
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